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Obstetrics and Gynecology is a specialized field of medicine dedicated to women’s reproductive health. It combines two closely related areas of care: obstetrics, which focuses on pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care, and gynecology, which deals with the health of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina. Specialists in this field, commonly known as obstetricians and gynecologists (OB-GYNs), provide comprehensive care for women at every stage of life from adolescence through menopause and beyond.
Gynecological care involves the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of conditions that affect the reproductive system. These may include menstrual disorders, hormonal imbalances, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, pelvic infections, and gynecologic cancers. Regular gynecological examinations and screening tests play an important role in detecting health issues early and maintaining long-term reproductive health.
Obstetric care focuses on supporting women throughout pregnancy and ensuring the safe delivery of babies. Obstetricians monitor the health of both the mother and the developing fetus through regular check-ups, ultrasound examinations, and prenatal testing. They also manage high-risk pregnancies, provide guidance on nutrition and lifestyle during pregnancy, and oversee labor and delivery to ensure the safest possible outcomes for both mother and child.
Modern obstetrics and gynecology rely on advanced diagnostic tools and minimally invasive treatment techniques. Procedures such as laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and image-guided surgeries allow doctors to diagnose and treat many gynecological conditions with greater precision and faster recovery times. In addition, specialized treatments are available for fertility concerns, reproductive health management, and menopausal care.
With advancements in women’s healthcare and access to experienced specialists, obstetrics and gynecology services play a vital role in supporting reproductive health, safe motherhood, and overall well-being. Comprehensive care, early detection of conditions, and personalized treatment plans help women maintain a healthy and active life at every stage.
Explore procedures, recovery times, and what to expect from each treatment
Adenomyosis is a condition in which tissue from the lining of the uterus grows into the uterine muscle wall, often causing heavy periods, painful cramps, and pelvic pressure. Treatment ranges from hormonal therapy and uterus-sparing procedures to hysterectomy, depending on symptoms, age, and fertility plans.
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Myomectomy is surgery to remove uterine fibroids while keeping the uterus in place. It is used for women with symptomatic fibroids who wish to preserve fertility or avoid hysterectomy. Several surgical approaches exist, and the right choice depends on the size, number, and location of fibroids.
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Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled or solid sacs that form on or inside an ovary. Most are harmless and resolve on their own, but some need monitoring, medication, or surgery. The right approach depends on the cyst type, your age, symptoms, and fertility goals.
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Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside it, causing pain, heavy periods, and sometimes fertility problems. Treatment ranges from pain relief and hormonal therapy to laparoscopic surgery and fertility care, depending on symptoms and goals.
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Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. It is used to treat conditions such as fibroids, heavy bleeding, endometriosis, adenomyosis, prolapse, chronic pelvic pain, and certain cancers. Several types and surgical approaches exist; the right choice depends on the underlying condition and individual factors.
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Endometriosis surgery removes or destroys endometriosis tissue growing outside the uterus to relieve pain, restore pelvic anatomy, and support fertility. It is most often done laparoscopically. The right approach depends on disease stage, symptoms, and a discussion with your gynaecologist.
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Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is menstrual bleeding that is unusually heavy, prolonged, irregular, or occurs between periods or after menopause. It is a symptom with many possible causes, including fibroids, polyps, hormonal imbalance, and other conditions. Treatment depends on the cause and may range from medication to minimally invasive procedures or surgery.
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Chronic pelvic pain is pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis lasting six months or longer. It often has more than one cause and is managed with a combination of medical treatment, pelvic floor physical therapy, nerve-targeted therapies, mental health support, and, where appropriate, surgery.
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Endometrial ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that removes or destroys the lining of the uterus to reduce or stop heavy menstrual bleeding. It is used when bleeding has not improved with medication and the woman has completed childbearing. Several techniques exist, and the right choice depends on the uterus, the cause of bleeding, and a discussion with your doctor.
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Menopause management covers the care and treatment of symptoms and health changes that occur during perimenopause, menopause, and the years that follow. Options range from lifestyle changes to hormone therapy and non-hormonal medications, chosen based on symptoms, age, and individual health factors.
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Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of one or both ovaries. It is used to treat ovarian cysts, tumours, severe endometriosis, and ovarian torsion, and to reduce cancer risk in people with a high genetic risk. The right approach depends on the underlying reason, age, fertility goals, and a discussion with your doctor.
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Pelvic organ prolapse surgery is a group of operations that repair weakened pelvic support tissues so that the bladder, uterus, vaginal walls, or rectum return to their normal position. Several approaches exist, including vaginal, abdominal, laparoscopic, and robotic repairs. The right choice depends on the type of prolapse, symptoms, and individual factors.
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Post-menopausal bleeding is any vaginal bleeding that occurs a year or more after your last menstrual period. Most causes are not cancer, but every episode needs prompt evaluation because endometrial cancer is one possible cause. Investigations and treatment depend on what is found.
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Therapeutic dilation and curettage (D&C) is a short gynaecological procedure in which the cervix is gently widened and tissue is removed from the lining of the uterus. It is used to treat heavy bleeding, clear retained tissue after miscarriage, or address an abnormally thickened uterine lining.
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Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths of the muscular wall of the uterus. They can cause heavy periods, pelvic pressure, or fertility problems, though many fibroids cause no symptoms at all. Management ranges from watchful waiting and medication to minimally invasive procedures and surgery, depending on symptoms and fertility goals.
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Uterine polyp removal, or polypectomy, is a minor gynaecological procedure to remove growths from the lining of the uterus. It is most often used to treat abnormal bleeding, fertility concerns, or polyps found on imaging. The procedure is usually done hysteroscopically as a day case, with a short recovery.
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Experiencing irregular periods or pelvic pain? PCOS and endometriosis are common women's health conditions with overlapping symptoms but different causes and treatments.
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