Expert pulmonary care for respiratory conditions including asthma, COPD, lung infections, and breathing disorders with advanced diagnostics.
Pulmonology is the medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases affecting the lungs and respiratory system. The respiratory system plays a vital role in supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide through the process of breathing. It includes the lungs, airways, bronchial tubes, and respiratory muscles that work together to support healthy breathing. When any part of this system becomes affected by infection, inflammation, obstruction, or chronic disease, it can significantly impact a person’s ability to breathe comfortably and maintain normal physical activity.
Pulmonologists are specialists trained to manage a wide range of respiratory conditions, from common breathing disorders to complex lung diseases. Some of the most frequently treated conditions include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung infections, and lung cancer. This specialty also covers sleep-related breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea, as well as conditions affecting the pleura, the thin lining surrounding the lungs. Respiratory diseases may develop due to factors such as smoking, air pollution, occupational exposure, infections, genetic predisposition, or underlying medical conditions.
Modern pulmonology uses advanced diagnostic tools to evaluate lung function and identify respiratory problems accurately. Common diagnostic methods include pulmonary function tests (PFTs), chest X-rays, CT scans, bronchoscopy, sleep studies, and laboratory tests. These evaluations help doctors determine the severity and cause of lung disease, allowing them to create an effective treatment plan tailored to each patient’s condition.
Treatment in pulmonology may involve medications such as bronchodilators, inhalers, antibiotics, or anti-inflammatory drugs, along with respiratory therapies, oxygen support, pulmonary rehabilitation, and lifestyle modifications. In more advanced cases, interventional pulmonology procedures or thoracic surgery may be required. With early diagnosis, proper treatment, and ongoing monitoring, many respiratory conditions can be effectively managed, helping patients maintain better breathing, improved lung function, and a higher quality of life.
Explore procedures, recovery times, and what to expect from each treatment
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited condition that causes thick mucus to build up in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. Care is lifelong and involves airway clearance, infection control, nutrition support, and newer CFTR modulator medicines that target the underlying genetic cause.
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Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs. It has several causes, grouped into five WHO categories, and is managed with medications, oxygen, and sometimes surgery. Treatment depends on the underlying type and is usually lifelong.
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Bronchoscopy is a procedure in which a doctor uses a thin instrument with a camera to look inside the airways and lungs. It is used both to diagnose conditions such as infections, lung disease, and tumours, and to treat problems in the airway directly. It is usually a same-day procedure.
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition in which the upper airway repeatedly collapses during sleep, causing breathing pauses, drops in oxygen, and disturbed sleep. It is diagnosed with a sleep study and managed with CPAP, oral appliances, weight loss, positional therapy, or surgery depending on severity and cause.
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Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of conditions that cause inflammation and scarring of the tissue around the lungs’ air sacs, leading to progressive breathlessness and cough. Care focuses on identifying the underlying cause, slowing scarring, and protecting lung function over the long term.
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Airway stenting is a procedure in which a small tube called a stent is placed inside a narrowed or blocked airway to keep it open. It is used in conditions such as lung cancer compressing the airway, scarring after intubation, tracheomalacia, and external tumours. Several stent types exist; the right choice depends on the cause, location, and a discussion with your interventional pulmonologist.
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Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition in which the airways become permanently widened and damaged, making it hard to clear mucus and leading to repeated infections. Management combines airway clearance, antibiotics, inhaled therapies, vaccination, pulmonary rehabilitation, and treatment of the underlying cause.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term lung condition that narrows the airways and damages the air sacs, causing breathlessness, cough, and mucus. Treatment combines inhalers, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen when needed, and lifestyle changes to slow decline and reduce flare-ups.
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Complex pulmonary infection management is the structured, specialist-led care of severe, resistant, or recurrent lung infections, including MDR-TB, lung abscess, empyema, fungal lung disease, and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. It combines targeted diagnostics, prolonged antimicrobial therapy, interventional procedures, and long-term follow-up.
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CPAP titration is the overnight sleep-lab process of finding the air pressure that keeps your airway open during sleep. Ongoing management includes mask fitting, adherence support, follow-up reviews, and pressure adjustments. This guide explains what to expect from the titration study through long-term device care.
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Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a form of TB caused by bacteria that no longer respond to one or more standard anti-TB medicines. It includes MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Modern treatment uses newer oral drugs in shorter regimens, with close monitoring over several months to support cure.
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Pediatric chronic lung disease is an umbrella term for long-term breathing conditions in children, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants, severe asthma, cystic fibrosis, and other disorders. Care focuses on supporting lung growth, preventing infections, and helping each child develop and thrive.
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Pediatric severe asthma is a form of childhood asthma where symptoms remain frequent or difficult to control despite regular high-dose treatment. Care involves a paediatric pulmonologist, daily controller and rescue medications, biologic therapies in selected cases, trigger management, and a clear action plan.
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Pediatric sleep disorder management covers the diagnosis and treatment of sleep problems in children, including obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, parasomnias, restless legs, and circadian rhythm disorders. Care may involve sleep studies, behavioural therapy, surgery, or breathing support, tailored to the child's specific condition.
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Polysomnography, commonly called a sleep study, is an overnight test that records brain activity, breathing, oxygen levels, heart rate, and movement during sleep. It is used to diagnose sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, and other sleep disorders, and to guide treatment decisions.
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Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is long-term lung damage that remains after tuberculosis has been cured. It causes ongoing breathlessness, cough, and recurrent chest infections. While scarring cannot be reversed, structured pulmonary care can improve breathing, reduce flare-ups, and protect lung health.
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Severe asthma is a form of asthma that stays uncontrolled despite high-dose inhalers and good technique. Management is specialist-led and may include phenotype testing, biologic therapy, careful monitoring, and a written action plan. The right combination depends on your inflammation type and overall health.
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